Shipping terms, payment security, export documents and the export bans that can change supply, explained for buyers and sellers of ore, with sources and dates.
What FOB, CFR and CIF mean in an ore contract: who arranges the ship and insurance, when risk passes, and how to convert a CIF price to FOB.
Read the guide →Trade guideHow a letter of credit secures payment on an ore shipment, at sight versus usance, and why banks pay against documents, not cargo.
Read the guide →Trade guideThe documents behind an ore shipment: invoice, bill of lading, certificate of origin, weight and assay certificates, and the shipper's declaration.
Read the guide →Trade guideWhich countries restrict raw ore exports: Indonesia's nickel and bauxite bans, Gabon, Ghana and Zimbabwe, with dates, status and what it means for buyers.
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